He retired at a very young age to the Judean desert to lead an ascetic life and preach penance, and recognized in Jesus, who was baptized by him, the Messiah announced by the prophets. John the Baptist was the son of the priest Zechariah and Elizabeth, cousin of the Virgin Mary. This inspiration from classical sources could explain the youthful, beardless appearance of St. The artist is probably inspired by classical images of the "Good Shepherd", bucolic figures of young shepherds tending their flocks that were adopted in early Christianity as symbolic figures of Jesus caring for his faithful. The saint, on the other hand, looks directly at the viewer, thus establishing a connection. John the Baptist, is not found in this work. The aforementioned lamb, symbol of Christ and his sacrifice on behalf of humanity, a common attribute of St. ", a reference to the phrase "This is the lamb of God who cleanses the sin of the world". In addition, the character points with his left hand to a wide rod, topped in the form of a cross, while with his right hand he holds a phylactery on which we can read "Agnus dei. In spite of the fact that he has been represented beardless, when he usually has long and shaggy beards, there are several attributes that allow us to identify the figure as St. A young shepherd of classicist aspect, summarily dressed in a wide mantle in which the author has imitated the skin of a feline, is located in the foreground, sitting next to some trunks, in front of a closed background that remains open in the right area. John in the desert, whose copy is in the Uffizi Gallery and was made around 1518-1520, probably by Cardinal Colnna. This painting is based on a work by Raphael, known as St. It presents faults in the painting and repainting. Philadelphia, 1985.Italian School, Circle of RAFAEL DE SANZIO (Urbino, 1483 - Rome, 1520) XVI Century. ![]() Milik translation adapted from “Tanakh,” pp. “Tefillin (Phylacteries) from Qumran )” (in Hebrew), Eretz-Israel 9 (1969):60-83 and plates.Įnglish Translation of the Phylactery (Tefillin) Scroll “Textes Hebraux et Arameens.” In Les Grottes de Murabba`at, Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, II, pp. The scriptural verses were penned in clear minuscule characters on the elongated writing material, which was folded over to fit the minute compartments stamped into the containers. As a rule, phylacteries include the same four selections, two from the book of Exodus (Exod. The Dead Sea region has now yielded the earliest phylactery remains, both of the leather containers and the inscribed strips of parchment. These served “as a sign upon your hand and as a symbol on your forehead that with a mighty hand the Lord freed us from Egypt” (Exodus 13:9, 16). One of the phylacteries was worn one on the left arm and the other on the forehead. ![]() In the Second Temple period the sages established that tefillin (phylacteries amulets in Greek) would include four scriptural passages inscribed on parchment placed in box-like containers made of black leather. 6:8) was practiced by Jews from early times. The command “And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thy hand, and they shall be for frontlets between thine eyes” (Deut. ![]() Copied first century-early second century C.E.Ĭourtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (3)
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